What each treatment involves

Step-by-step explainers of the procedures fertility clinics in Thailand publish, with typical timelines, risks and the questions to take to a consultation. Discuss any treatment with a fertility specialist.

6 procedures

IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
Eggs are collected from the ovaries, fertilised with sperm in a laboratory, and an embryo is placed in the womb a few days later.
8 stepsTypically 3–6 weeks; plan for a longer stay if travelling
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ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
A form of IVF in which an embryologist injects a single sperm directly into each mature egg, instead of leaving eggs and sperm to fertilise on their own.
7 stepsSimilar to IVF: typically 3–6 weeks from the start of medication
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Egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation)
Eggs are collected after about two weeks of hormone injections and frozen unfertilised, so they can be thawed and used in a future IVF cycle.
7 stepsYears, under the clinic's storage agreement and local law
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IUI (intrauterine insemination)
Washed and concentrated sperm is placed directly into the womb through a thin tube around the time of ovulation, so fertilisation can happen inside the body.
7 stepsAbout one menstrual cycle; several cycles are often tried
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PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy)
A few cells are taken from each IVF embryo and tested for an abnormal number of chromosomes before an embryo is chosen for transfer.
7 stepsTypically 2–3 months from stimulation to pregnancy test, often over two trips
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Frozen embryo transfer (FET)
An embryo frozen during an earlier IVF cycle is thawed and placed in the womb, in a natural or medicated cycle.
7 stepsTypically 3–5 weeks; the time you must be present at the clinic is often much shorter
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